Abdossaleh Zar, Fatemeh Ahmadi,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (7-2020)
Abstract
Background and objective: Pregnancy, childbirth, and motherhood are processes that have important social and emotional consequences for every woman. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of physical activity on sleep quality of women with Natural Childbirth and cesarean section.
Material and Methods: Among women referred to Jahrom Health Center in the year 2017-2018 who had childbirth. 210 volunteers were included in the study (110 normal deliveries, 100 cesarean sections). They were divided into active and inactive groups based on their physical activity. The Petersburg sleep questionnaire was used for data collection.
Results: There was a significant difference between the two groups in daily performance variables (p = 0.005) and total sleep quality score (p = 0.001). It was also found that active women with cesarean section had better condition than inactive women with cesarean section. There was a significant difference between the two groups in the variables of sleep disorders (p = 0.005) and total sleep quality score (p = 0.001).
Conclusion: Exercise and physical activity can have a positive effect on the quality of sleep after postpartum and cesarean section. Findings can inform interventions designed to improve postpartum sleep via increasing opportunities for exercise among postpartum women.
Seyyed Mehdi Jafari,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (10-2020)
Abstract
Summary: Adenosine through adenosine receptor have a crucial role in biology of lung cancer. Recent study indicated adenosine receptors have a crucial role in various aspect of lung cancer from cell growth and metastasis to modulation of apoptosis and it could be considered as a potential candidate for treatment of the lung cancer.
Mohammad Hossein Taziki,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (10-2020)
Abstract
Background and objective: Peritonsillar infection may emerge in two forms of abscess and cellulitis. Several factors could cause the disease, and effective treatments are required following the diagnosis. However, recurrence is likely after the treatment, threatening the health of the patients. Given the importance of this issue, the present study aimed to evaluate the cases of peritonsillar infection and some of the influential factors in 5th Azar Hospital of Gorgan, Iran during 2010-2017.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted by assessing the medical files of the patients with peritonsillar infection. The incomplete files were completed via phone call with the patients. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16.
Results: In total, 93 patients were evaluated with the mean age of 32.31±14.59 years, and the majority of the patients were aged 20-30 years (33.31%). In terms of gender, 58.1% of the subjects were male, and the others (41.9%) were female. Peritonsillar abscess and peritonsillar cellulitis were detected in 76 (81.7%) and 17 cases (18.3%), respectively. In addition, significant correlations were observed between opium use, smoking habits, and abscess formation (P=0.014).
Conclusion: Considering the prevalence of peritonsillar infection and the possibility of recurrence after tonsillectomy, it is recommended that the necessary training be provided to the patients regarding the possibility of recurrence and surgery, especially upon discharge.
Iman Shirinbak, Ali Baradaran Bagheri, Mohammad Javad Kharazifard, Peiman Goharshenasan, Mohammad Pirouzan,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (10-2020)
Abstract
Background and objective: Damages to the oromaxillofacial region, if not diagnosed and treated in a timely manner, will cause permanent, serious clinical problems because of the characteristics of this anatomical region. Accordingly, the present study was performed on a 5-year investigation of epidemiology of oromaxillofacial fractures in patients admitted to Shahid Madani Hospital, Karaj, Iran.
Material And Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 235 medical files of patients with damages to the oromaxillofacial region available in the archive of Shahid Madani Hospital, Karaj from 2013 to 2018 were chosen as census and examined. Demographic variables including site and cause of fracture were recorded for each patient on information forms. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 17 software and presented as descriptive statistics.
Results: In this study, out of 235 patients with oromaxillofacial fractures, 178 (75.7%) were male and 97 (41.3%) were female, respectively. The mean age of the patients was 30.96 ± 14.91 years. The main affected anatomical regions were as follows: Mandible 269 cases (49.17%), maxilla 117 cases (21.39%), and cheekbone 51 cases (9.32%). Accidents occuring with motor vehicles was the main cause of these fractures in 132 patients (56.2%).
Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that the fractures of oromaxillofacial regions were more common in men, young people, and middle-aged individuals, and mostly occurred in the mandible, maxilla, and cheekbone, with the main cause of these fractures being accidents happening with motor vehicles.
Mohammad Hossein Taziki,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (12-2020)
Abstract
Background and Objective: The eustachian tube (pharyngotympanic tube) connects the middle ear cavity to the nasopharynx, and its dysfunction leads to the accumulation of fluids in the middle ear and hearing loss. In such cases, irresponsiveness to pharmaceutical treatments urges myringotomy combined with ventilation tube insertion. Given the importance of the operation outcomes, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of myringotomy and grafting on the patients with chronic serous otitis media (SOM) referring to 5th Azar Hospital in Gorgan, Iran during 1999-2011.
Material and Methods: This descriptive-analytical research was performed by reviewing the medical records of patients with SOM who underwent myringotomy and grafting and met the inclusion criteria. After the surgery, the patients were followed-up by the researcher, and those with available medical records who were followed-up for 1.5 years were enrolled in the study. The incomplete files were completed using the available documents in the medical statistics unit. The data of 94 patients were collected and analyzed in SPSS version 18.
Results: In total, 94 patients were assessed, including 50 males (53.2%) and 44 females (46.8%). Among 174 patients, 80 and 14 cases had bilateral and unilateral involvement, respectively. The highest frequency of the disease was observed in the age range of 5-10 years (n=51; 54.2%), and adenotonsillectomy was the most common concurrent surgery (n=83; 88.3%). After 18 months, 31 patients (32%) experienced hearing loss recurrence, four of whom had tympanic membrane perforation, four had otorrhea, and one had recurring SOM. In addition, seven out of 31 patients with hearing loss had severe allergies, while three, one, and one cases had a cleft palate, nasopharyngeal cancer, and cystic fibrosis, respectively.
Conclusion: According to the results, the follow-up of the patients with SOM is essential, especially in the cases with a known underlying cause, where further care is required due to the possibility of recurrence.
Seyedeh Zahra Maddahi, Assie Jokar, Nasser Behnampour, Farhang Babamahmoodi,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (12-2020)
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) has always been represented as a constant and serious public health challenge throughout human history due to its intensive epidemiological, clinical, and social implications. Risk factors for TB are very important and lack of attention to these parameters can lead to poor therapeutic results. The risk factors for TB in various studies in modern medicine are described. Avicenna, the great Persian scientist described TB in his book “Canon of Medicine” in a chapter related to pulmonary diseases along with its symptoms and treatment. In addition, according to this scientist, there are risk factors that, if present in a person, make him prone to TB.
It seems that many of the factors mentioned by the scholars of Persian Traditional Medicine (PTM) are not currently among the risk factors for TB in modern medicine and have not been studied yet. If this hypothesis is supported and confirmed by future research in modern medicine, the recommendations of PTM can be a significant help in controlling the consequences of this disease.
Mostafa Yeganegi, Ali Behnampour, Fatemeh Mirzaei, Atena Tabrizi, Haleh Zokaee,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (12-2020)
Abstract
Background and objective: Psychological status is one of the quality of life (QOL) domains which can be affected by hyposalivation caused by head and neck radiotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the psychological status of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients who were suffering from hyposalivation after at least one week of receiving radiotherapy.
Material And Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was performed on 44 HNC patients with history of hyposalivation caused by radiotherapy, in 5 Azar hospital from 1397-1398. General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) was used for data collection. Shapiro-Wilk test, parametric and nonparametric tests and SPSS 18 software were used for statistical analysis.
Results: The average psychological status of patients was 27.50 out of 84 (lower score indicated better psychological status). The mean score of physical health was 7.39, social functioning was 6.16, anxiety/insomnia were 12.64 and depression was 1.33 with the maximum being 21. Psychological status was not significantly different between genders. Ageing caused all subscales to increase except depression. A direct relationship between social functionality and psychological status was reported.
Conclusion: Hyposalivation due to radiotherapy affects psychological status and its components in patients. Also, various factors such as ageing and lower education level can be effective in reducing psychological status in the patients with head and neck cancer who were suffering from hyposalivation due to receiving radiotherapy.
Zahra Shekarriz, Seyed Afshin Shorofi, Maryam Nabati, Assie Jokar, Seyde Sedighe Yousefi,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for the cardiovascular diseases. One of the factors contributing to blood pressure is peripheral vascular resistance. Vascular stiffness plays a key role in developing the hypertension, leading to increased systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure. from Avicenna s perspective, the blood pressure caused by 1- Increased blood volume 2- Warm heart dystemperament which leads to the hyperactivity of heart pump and increased cardiac output 3- A vascular disorder called "Tasallob Sharaeen” "atherosclerosis". So, one of Avicennachr s recommendations for the prevention and treatment of hypertension is the consumption of Moisturizing foods and beverages and fruits. One of these moisturizing products which are very useful is “whey Protein”. It seems that by studying ancient Iranian medicine s general books, new and effective solutions can be provided in the prevention and treatment of diseases.
Farah Nameni, Siavash Shahdusti, Majid Hashemi,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Clinical studies have indicated, that exercise activity and supplementation may have different effects on heart function and health. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of weight training with whey protein supplementation on ANP, BNP, and Galactin-3 in 60-65 years old sedentary men.
Material and Methods: This study was based on a quasi-experimental design. The sample population was selected from volunteers out of the Kahrizak charity sanitarium of the Tehran province. Forthy men were randomly assigned to 4 groups (control, exercise, whey protein, and exercise + whey protein). Whey protein and exercise + whey protein groups were asked to consume whey protein. Training protocol lasted for 6 weeks. Blood levels of ANP, BNP, and Galactin-3, before and after the study were measured. Normality and variance heterogeneity was assessed using Shapiro-Wilk and Levene's tests respectively. The significance of differences between training and supplementation groups was assessed by ANOVA and LSD hock post-test.
Results: The results showed that weight training program and in combination with whey protein supplementation significantly reduced Atrial natriuretic peptide (P=0.001), Brain natriuretic peptide (P=0.001), and Galactin-3 (P=0.001), compared to the control group (P<0.01).
Conclusion: The reduction of cardiac injury indices and structural and physiological recovery and the increase of cardiac function have been affected by the synergy of his training and protein.
Ezatolah Kazeminejad, Negar Naghashpour,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak has led to increasing global concerns about infection control. Amid this pandemic, dentistry could be considered as one of the most high-risk medical sectors for health workers due to the high exposure to patients infected with this deadly virus.After the decline of the steep prevalence of COVID -19 cases, the dental associations have allowed dental offices to reopen under special circumstances by taking the necessary precautions and following the prescribed guidelines to keep both the dentists and their patients safe and healthy during the treatment.
The aim of this review is to present a policy to manage and facilitate the dental procedures in the dental practice routine amid coronavirus by focusing on the patients’ risk level in order to keep the possibility of COVID -19 transmission to a minimum.
Iman Fathi, Maryam Nourshahi,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the response of lipid profile, insulin resistance, and mitochondrial biogenesis index of obese rats to various exercise training.
Material and Methods: 24 rats were randomly divided into four groups of 6: 1) obese-interval training (HIIT); 2) obese-continuous training (CT); 3) obese control (OB) and 4) control (Cont). During the study period, (from 16 to 24 weeks) rats in groups 1, 2, and 3 were given high-fat foods (from 16 to 24 weeks). After being familiarized, rats in groups 1 and 2 performed HIIT and continuous training three times a week for eight weeks, respectively. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni posthoc test (p≤0.05).
Results: A study of Western blotting showed that the amount of muscle PGC1α in HIIT and CT groups was significantly higher than OB and Cont groups. Also, despite the more reduction in visceral fat and other factors in the CT group, the HIIT groupchr('39')s PGC1α content was higher than the CT group, which was not significant. Serum levels of glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance in HIIT and CT groups (At 24 weeks) were significantly lower than the OB group (p≤0.05); However, these glycemic indices weren’t significantly different from the control group (P≥0.05). There was a significant difference in TG, TC, LDL, and HDL values between the exercise groups with the OB group. In addition, the increase in visceral fat was 27% in the OB group, while a decrease of 30% and 43% was observed in the HIIT and CT groups, respectively (P<0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that the use of HIIT can be as effective as continuous training on lipid profile, insulin resistance, and mitochondrial function of muscle tissue in obese people.
Abdolrahim Davari, Alireza Daneshkazemi, Farnaz Farahat, Elham Motallebi, Sepideh Abbasi,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Tooth bleaching changes the microhardness and mineral content and color of the tooth. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of carbamide peroxide on microhardness, mineral content and color change in white spot lesions.
Material and Methods: Thirty-two samples were selected without caries, cracks and stains, and immersed in 0.5% chloramine-T for one week. Then the tooth crowns were separated. The teeth were artificially decayed by pH cycling. For bleaching on the enamel, a coating of 10% carbamide peroxide gel with a thickness of 1 mm was used for 8 hours. Samples were stored in artificial saliva for 16 hours. Bleaching process lasted for 14 days. Microhardness, color changes, calcium and phosphorus levels were measured before and after bleaching. Paired t-test and one-sample test were used to analyze the data.
Results: The microhardness test results were 338.02± 90.15 and 320.94±87.41 before and after bleaching, respectively. microhardness of the samples significantly decreased after bleaching compared to before bleaching (P<0.001). Calcium and phosphorus content in samples after bleaching was not significantly different from before bleaching (P>0.05). The mean color change coefficient (∆E) after bleaching was 6.82±3.96. ∆E in the studied samples was significantly higher than the standard (∆E =3.3).
Conclusion: Bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide significantly reduced microhardness. There was no change in the mineral content of the enamel and color change was proper. It can be concluded from this study that bleaching with carbamide peroxide can be successful.
Fahimeh Rashidi Maybodi, Farzane Vaziri,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (10-2021)
Abstract
According to recent studies, oral lesions associated with COVID-19, manifests in various forms which may be as inaugural symptoms for the onset of the disease. However, further investigations are needed to confirm their probable characteristic role in diagnosis of COVID-19. It should be also noted that any oral manifestation in COVID-19 must be considered to avoid neglecting oral changes with more lasting destructive effects such as necrotizing periodontal lesions.
Mousa Dehghan, Abdollah Ghasemi, Ali Kashi, Elaheh Arabameri, Kayvan Molanorouzi,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (10-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Human development is influenced by genetic, environmental, and social factors whose foundation is formed from infancy and childhood. Preterm birth and low birth weight are important issues that can affect the development and threaten the public health.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of early exercise interventions on gross motor skills of children with preterm birth aged 3 to 6 years.
Material and Methods: In this Experimental study, 30 children with average (2066 ±354g) were selected from among the preterm infants (32 to 37 weeks less than 2500 g) admitted to NICU ward. They were divided into two groups (experimental group n=15 and control group n=15 children).To evaluate the gross motor skills of children, the second version of the Peabody developmental motor scale was used. The results were analyzed by SPSS using ANCOVA test (p≤0.05).
Results: The results of this study showed that early interventions can have a positive effect on the gross motor skills of these children and the participants in the experimental group were able to obtain higher scores than the control group after participating in the training program.
Conclusion: The results showed that training interventions have a significant effect on both stability and locomotion skills.
Ali Habibi Kia, Arash Dabaghi, Pouya Nikdast,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (12-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Early detection of Internal Root Resorption (IRR) is considered a challenging issue in endodontics. Processing filters are used to facilitate image interpretation either in diagnostic or treatment procedures. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of magnification changes on the detection of IRR in Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images.
Material and Methods: In this study, a total of 34 healthy single-canal & rooted teeth were split mesiodistally through their medial canal using an ultra-thin metal saw (1 mm). Then, absorption cavities were artificially created in both low and high degree absorption forms. CBCT images with three different magnification levels of 50, 100 and 150 were analyzed by one radiologist and one endodontist before and after artificial cavity creation. Gathered data were analyzed by MacNemar and Kappa tests using SPSS statistical software. Overall accuracy was calculated by the area under the curve (AUC).
Results: Calculated percentages of sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy for the first (with high image magnification) and second (with low image magnification) observer were the same (100%, 88.24% and 94%, respectively) and there was no significance difference between low and high degree of resorption and also different magnifications with reality.
Conclusion: Depending on its method of application, all levels of magnification for CBCT images are suitable in diagnosis of IRR.
Arezoo Monfared, Mohammad Taghi Moghadamnia, Samad Karkhah, Saman Maroufizadeh, Mohammad Asadian Rad, Jalal Kheirkhah, Fatemeh Jafaraghayee,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (12-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objective: In the current COVID-19 pandemic, disease diagnosis is essential for optimal management and timely isolation of infected cases in order to prevent further spread. The aim of this study is to assess of predictors of mortality among COVID-19 patients.
Material and Methods: In a retrospective study, 522 COVID-19 patients were enrolled in Razi hospital, Guilan Province, Iran. This hospital was the main center for the treatment of COVID-19 patients in Guilan province. Data gathering was performed by census sampling from March to August 2020. Simple and Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to assess the relationships of clinical and demographic characteristics with in-hospital mortality.
Results: Multiple logistic regression showed that older age (aOR=1.04, 95%CI: 1.02 to 1.06, P<0.001), decreased O2 saturation (aOR=0.89, 95%CI: 0.86 to 0.92, P<0.001), having a dysrhythmia (aOR=2.97, 95%CI: 1.46 to 6.05, P=0.003), symptoms associated with heart failure (aOR=0.43, 95%CI: 0.18 to 0.99, P=0.048), and mixed drug antiviruses (aOR=2.44, 95%CI: 1.22 to 4.90, P=0.012) were mortality predictor variables among COVID-19 patients.
Conclusion: Therefore, special attention should be paid to the factors influencing the mortality of COVID-19 patients. It is recommended that older patients, dysrhythmia, and symptoms associated with heart failure be treated with extreme caution.
Nazila Javadi-Pashaki, Mohammad Javad Ghazanfari, Sahar Miri , Samad Karkhah,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (12-2021)
Abstract
Decreased life expectancy is considered as a key indicator of human development. Obviously, the increase in mortality, especially in vulnerable groups such as older people, leads to a major disruption in the human development of countries. On the other hand, the destructive social and economic effects of COVID-19 on human life further reduce their life expectancy. Therefore, it is suggested that policymakers and health managers make appropriate decisions such as timely vaccination of older people, future treatment measures, and appropriate behavioral changes to control the disease and improve life expectancy among older people during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Zahra Bahrololoomi, Tahereh Sadeghieh, Nahid Maghsoodi, Shirin Pajouhandeh,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (12-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Children’s dental fear is one of the most important challenges that pediatric dentistry faces. Several factors play an important role in children’s dental fear. Home quarantine, changes in routine life and economic disadvantages have resulted in emotional changes in parents and children during COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study is to evaluate the levels of children’s dental fear, parental anxiety and their possible correlation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Material and Methods: The present cross-sectional study comprised one hundred and four children aged 6-12-year-old and their parents. The level of parental anxiety was evaluated using Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory. CFSS-DS (Children Fear Schedule Survey-Dental Subscale) questionnaire assessed the child’s dental fear. Independent t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for data analysis.
Results: There were significant correlations between the level of parent’s state and trait anxiety and child’s dental fear (respectively P value=0.009 and P value=0.000). However girls showed insignificant higher levels of dental fear compared with boys (P value=0.175), children younger than 9 years old and children with a previous dental treatment had significantly higher dental fear scores (respectively P value=0.006 and P value=0.002). Age, gender and level of education did not show a significant effect on the level of parental anxiety (respectively P value=0.630, P value=0.874 and P value=0.198).
Conclusion: The study has resulted in a significant correlation between parental state-trait anxiety and children’s dental fear.
Mohammad-Sadegh Alemrajabi, Maryam-Sadat Sadrzadeh-Afshar, Mahdi Dastorani, Meysam Barjestehnia,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (3-2022)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is a common disease of the nonkeratinized oral mucosa characterized by painful ulcerations and inflammation, causing difficulty in eating, swallowing, and speaking. Symptomatic treatment is considered for this disease due to the ambiguity of the exact etiology. The beneficial therapeutic effects of Persica and Propolis mouthwashes led us to the objective of studying therapeutic potentials of these herbal mouthwashes.
Material and Methods: The present double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 40 patients with minor aphthous ulcers and no systemic disease, who were divided into two groups of 20 via random allocation (systematic random sampling). Each group received 15 drops of propolis or persica mouthwashes three times a day for 10 days. Pain intensity was recorded by measuring the score of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the diameter of minor aphthous lesions (in mm) at three periods of before treatment, and on the second and sixth days after treatment. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test.
Results: There was no significant difference between pain intensity and ulcer size before treatment and on the second day of treatment. The pain intensity on day 6 was significantly lower in Persica group (P=0.045) but no difference was observed in the mean ulcer size on day 6 between the two groups (P=0.104). The rate of pain relief (P=0.031) and reduction of ulcer size (P=0.046) were significantly higher in Persica group.
Conclusion: Propolis and Persica mouthwashes both reduce pain intensity and ulcer size in minor aphthous ulcers, and Persica showed a stronger potential to achieve these goals compared to propolis.
Sahar Miri, Samad Karkhah, Pooyan Ghorbani Vajargah, Amirabbas Mollaei, Atefeh Falakdami, Poorya Takasi, Amir Emami Zeydi, Mohammad Javad Ghazanfari,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (3-2022)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Since December 2019, the widespread outbreak of COVID-19 has led to a major public health issue worldwide. With the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, a series of ethically challenging issues arose that put pressure on healthcare systems around the world. This narrative review aims to comprehensively review the literature focusing on ethical challenges and coping strategies about issues related to the healthcare system and social issues during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Material and Methods: This narrative review was conducted via international databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus using keywords extracted from medical subject headings such as "COVID-19", "2019-nCoV disease", "2019 novel coronavirus infection", "Ethics", "Bioethical Issues", "Morals", "Coping Skills", "Coping Skill", "Coping Strategies", and "Coping Strategy" from December 2019 to January 2022.
Results: In general, ethical issues during the COVID-19 pandemic can be divided into two categories: 1) issues related to the healthcare system and 2) social issues. Issues related to the healthcare system can be divided into two categories: 1) lack of resources, equipment and facilities, and manpower, and 2) problems in patient care such as triage and informed consent. Social issues can be divided into four categories: 1) community engagement, 2) crisis management capacity in remote rural communities, 3) discrimination and health equity, and 4) vaccination. Coping with ethical challenges in crises such as COVID-19 requires changing health empowerment policies and strategies based on evidence-based research. On the other hand, overcome on these challenges requires interdisciplinary collaboration and fast efficient decisions.
Conclusion: Overall, the present study introduced ethical challenges and coping strategies during the COVID 19 pandemic. The experience gained from this pandemic can be considered by managers and policymakers of health care systems for coping with ethical challenges.
