Farah Nameni, Fateme Firoozmand,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (5-2022)
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and cognitive dysfunction. Research has shown that blood metal levels and physical activity may be key to injury and possibly Alzheimer's treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and Folate Nano-liposome on the expression of D1 and D2 receptors in the hippocampal tissue of Alzheimer's rats.
Methods: Thirty-three male Wistar rats at the age of eight weeks were prepared from Pasteur Institute. Rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (healthy control, Alzheimer's control, Alzheimer+ HIIT, Alzheimer +Folate Nano liposomes, Alzheimer+ HIIT +Folate Nano liposomes).Alzheimer's induction was performed and Folate Nano-liposomes were injected as a supplement .After the last training session, rats were anesthetized and the hippocampus was analyzed.
Results: The results of one-way ANOVA showed a significant increase between the groups in D1 mRNA and D2 mRNA (P≤0.000). The results of the Bonferroni post hoc test showed that there was a significant increase the control group and the Alzheimer's, Alzheimer's + HIIT and Alzheimer's +folate Nano liposomes. There was a significant increase between Alzheimer's group and Alzheimer's+ HIIT and Alzheimer's+ HIIT+ folate Nano-liposomes (P≤0.05).
Conclusion: Resistance training and Folate Nano-liposomes have changed the content of D1 and D2 in the brain after Alzheimer's induction. These changes may be due in part to the synergistic effect of physical activity and Nano-pharmaceuticals in preventing or reducing the detrimental effects of pathological conditions.
Zohreh Hosseini Marznaki, Zainab Alimoradi, Mohammad Hossein Hakimi, Maryam Haghighi, Samad Karkhah,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (5-2022)
Abstract
Background and objectives: One of the potentially effective methods for relieving postpartum perineal pain is auricular acupressure. This review aimed to evaluate the clinical effect of auricular acupressure on postpartum perineal pain in a systematic review.
Material and Methods: An extensive systematic search was performed on online electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Cochrane using the keywords related to the purpose, from the earliest to June 30, 2021.
Results: Of 263 articles, three studies were included in the review. A total of 386 women with a mean age of 29.79 years were included in the review. Of the participants, 192 women were in the intervention group. Of the studies included, two studies evaluated auricular acupressure, and one study evaluated battlefield auricular acupuncture plus standard analgesia. Overall, the number of acupressure points varied from 3 to 5. In most cases, auricular acupressure was used at points of Shen Men (n=3) and the external genital area (n=2). Overall, auricular acupressure in one study out of three studies had a significant effect on reducing postpartum perineal pain. Two out of three studies reported no side effects of auricular acupressure for participants.
Conclusion: It seems that auricular acupressure can be used as a simple, low-cost, and practical intervention to reduce postpartum perineal pain. However, future well-designed studies are needed to confirm the findings of this systematic review.
Aliakbar Naghavialhosseini, Mina Pakkhesal, Maryam Ghelichli, Amir Reza Ahmadinia,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (10-2022)
Abstract
A Dentigerous Cyst (DC) is the most common developmental odontogenic cyst that mostly happens in patients between 10 to 30 years of age. It is usually completely asymptomatic and is discovered on a routine radiographic examination or to evaluate the reason for an erupted tooth. Radiographically, this cyst usually presents a well-defined unilocular radiolucency attached to CEJ of an unerupted tooth which can cause displacement of adjacent tooth or resorption.
This article reports a large infected DC in a 10-year-old male patient related to first and second premolar maxillary teeth, which did not erupt or even change their positions. DC was treated successfully by decompression. After 2 years follow up, there was no evidence of recurrence. In conclusion, marsupialization of cyst with no orthodontic intervention or tooth extraction is a conservative, efficient protocol that stimulates bone healing and promotes the eruption of unerupted teeth even if they are deeply crowded.
Nazila Javadi-Pashaki, Hamidreza Mehrabi, Iman Asdaghijahromi , Seyedeh Mahjabin Taheri Otaghsara, Mohammad Javad Ghazanfari, Pooyan Ghorbani Vajargah, Amirabbas Mollaei, Atefeh Falakdami, Poorya Takasi, Aghil Mollaei, Hatef Mashhadi, Samad Karkhah,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (10-2022)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The implementation of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) has increased in recent decades. Due to the positive effects of CAM interventions, 5 to 74.8% of people use these treatments worldwide. However, implementing CAM-related clinical trials is associated with challenging issues. Failure to address these challenges can lead to poor quality of studies, publication of non-scientific findings, and ultimately disregard for human rights and ethics. This review aims to comprehensively review the literature focusing on methodological and ethical challenges for implementing CAM-related clinical trials.
Material and Methods: This review of reviews was conducted via international databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus using keywords extracted from medical subject headings such as “Methods”, “Methodological Study”, “Methodological Studies”, “Ethics”, “Complementary Therapies”, “Complementary Medicine”, “Alternative Medicine”, “Clinical Trial”, and “review” from the earliest to May 1, 2022.
Results: In general, challenging issues for the implementation of CAM-related clinical trials can be divided into two categories: 1) methodological and 2) ethical. Methodological challenges included: Risk of bias, Lack of knowledge of researchers, and Blinding. On the other hand, ethical challenges in clinical trial studies are divided into two categories: patients' rights and placebo use.
Conclusion: Overall, the present study emphasizes the need for special attention to the quality of CAM-related clinical trials. Also, this study can pioneer the introduction of critical challenging issues in CAM-related clinical trials and provide appropriate suggestions for researchers to solve these issues in future studies.
Seyyed Moein I Ebrahim, Seyyed Mehdi Jafari,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (12-2022)
Abstract
Despite significant advances in treatment, breast cancer remains a medical problem and the most common cancer leading to death among women worldwide. The most common breast cancer treatments, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are usually expensive and can cause severe side effects and low response rates due to drug resistance. To overcome these problems, medicinal plants can be the best alternative to chemotherapy drugs with fewer side effects and cost-effectiveness. Sesquiterpene lactones are compounds of the Asteraceae plant family that has significantly impacted various aspects of breast cancer cells. This review focused on the biological properties of Sesquiterpene lactones and their potential processes in breast cancer, leading to enhanced anticancer effects.
Emadoddin Moudi, Hamidreza Kamalinia, Sepehr Ramezani, Abazar Akbarzade Pasha, Omid Majidi,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (7-2023)
Abstract
This article reports a pelvic hydatid cyst in a 10-year-old boy who initially presented with right flank pain. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a cystic lesion containing internal densities, which was found to be a hydatid cyst between the bladder and rectum during surgery. The lesion was excised and sent to a pathology laboratory for further examination.
Seyedeh Almas Fahim Yeganeh, Hanieh Raghimi, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (7-2023)
Abstract
Seyedeh Almas Fahim Yeganeh1 
,
Hanieh Raghimi2 ,
Mohammad Reza Mohammadi 3
Background: Severely contagious, a beta coronavirus (COVID-19) has spread worldwide since December 2019, a life-threatening disease that leads to high mortality.
Methods: This study had 200 cases referred and admitted to 5th Azar Hospital in May and June 2020. Treatment started based on signs and symptoms and confirming positive CT scan findings. RT-PCR test is done for all of them. Patients are categorized due to age, underlying diseases, CT scan findings, and mortality.
Results: Diabetes mellitus (DM) was the most frequent underlying disease (35%), following hypertension (23.5%) and cardiovascular problems (9.5%). Although the severity of CT scan findings within the expired patients’ group was more than survived, the relation was insignificant (P=0.247). The mean age of cases who died was at least ten years more than survived. There was a mortality risk of 5.9 folds in cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients comparing patients free of CVD.
Conclusion: In dealing with involved COVID-19 patients considering their age and co-morbidities will help manage earlier and pay more attention to these cases.
Mahmoud Khandashpour, Mahtab Rakhshaie, Rahmatollah Sharififar, Somayeh Livani, Nafiseh Abdollahi, Mahdi Soleimannejad, Fahimeh Abdollahi, Mahila Monajati,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background: Severe coronavirus infections may lead to long-term effects, such as persistent lung dysfunction and residual involvement. This study aimed to evaluate pulmonary function tests (PFT) and chest computed tomography (CT) scans of severe COVID-19 intensive care unit (ICU) survivors one year after discharge.
Methods: A cohort study was conducted, assessing spirometry and chest CT scans in patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to the ICU. Patients with pre-existing lung disease were excluded. Initial laboratory tests, clinical information, and medication (antivirals and corticosteroids) were reported in patients with and without fibrosis on chest CTs.
Results: Thirty patients (57% female) with a mean (SD) age of 50 (13.5) years were included. Initial pulmonary involvement had a mean score of 16 (±4), with ground-glass opacification (GGO) observed in all patients, consolidation in 88%, and pneumomediastinum in 10% of patients. One-year chest CT scans revealed mild fibrotic changes in 70% of patients, presenting as a fibrotic band (47%) or a fibrotic band with GGO (23%). Patients with fibrosis had lower serum albumin levels, lower platelet counts, and were older. One-year follow-up spirometry showed that 73% had normal results, 20% had mild obstruction, and 7% exhibited a hyperreactive airway pattern. Spirometry parameters did not significantly differ between the fibrosis and non-fibrosis groups.
Conclusion: Most patients who survived severe COVID-19 infection showed significant improvement in one-year follow-up chest CT scans, and their PFT was not severely impaired. Importantly, our findings indicate no association between the severity of initial lung involvement, medication use, and follow-up chest CT results.
Azar Mohammadi, Abdolhossein Taheri Kalani, Mahnaz Omidi,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background: When metabolic demands increase due to an obesity-induced high-fat diet (HFD), mitochondrial function is impaired, production can increase, and oxidative stress occurs. This type of stress has been shown to play a key role in various pathological conditions such as heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and cancers. This study aims to evaluate the impact of HFD and resistance training (RT) on oxidative stress biomarkers and cardiac health in rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 21 male Wistar rats (weighing 200-300 g) were randomly and equally assigned into the following groups: control (CTRL), HFD, and HFD+ RT. Animals in the HFD groups received a high-fat diet for 23 weeks. During the treatments, rats in the HFD+ RT group, besides receiving a high-fat diet, performed the progressive RT protocol three times per week with 30- 100% of their body mass in the last eight weeks. At the end of the treatments, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in cardiac tissue were measured by colorimetric method. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc test at a significant level of P<0.05.
Results: HFD did not alter levels of SOD, GPX, TAC, or MDA in cardiac tissue. Cardiac SOD (P=0.021), GPX (P=0.024), and TAC (P=0.041) levels in the HFD+ RT increased significantly compared to the HFD group, but there was no significant difference in cardiac MDA levels between the three groups (P=0.438).
Conclusion: RT seems to improve cardiac tissue oxidative stress adaptations in an animal model fed with an HFD.
Soraya Pourasghari Siah Astalkhi , Seyed Morteza Tayebi, Lida Moradi, Rasoul Eslami,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (12-2024)
Abstract
Background: Obesity leads to neuronal apoptosis and cognitive impairment by increasing inflammation and oxidative stress. Although the beneficial role of exercise and antioxidant supplements have been reported separately, their interactive effect on neuronal apoptosis in obesity is still not well known. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of HIIT with Sp supplementation on apoptotic markers in the hippocampal tissue of high-fat diet-(HFD) induced obese rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 24 obese male Sprague-Dawley rats (60% fat, 20% protein, and 20% carbohydrates) were randomly divided into four groups of six rats, including 1) HFD, 2) HFD+Sp, 3) HFD+HIIT, and 4) HFD+HIIT+Sp. Also, six healthy rats were selected as the HC group to investigate the effects of HFD on research variables. Subsequently, HIIT was performed for eight weeks, three sessions per week with an intensity of 80-110% of maximum running speed and 2-8 high-intensity intervals. Also, Sp supplement was taken orally during this period with a dose of 100 mg/kg/day. Bax and BCL-2 levels were measured with qRT-PCR method. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc tests were used for statistical analysis of data (p ≤0.05).
Results: In the HFD+HIIT and HFD+HIIT+Sp groups, Bax levels and Bax/BCL-2 ratio were lower and BCL-2 levels were higher than the HFD group (p=0.001). In the HFD+Sp group, BCL-2 levels were higher and Bax/BCL-2 ratios were lower than HFD group (p=0.008). Also, in the HFD+HIIT and HFD+HIIT+Sp groups, Bax levels and Bax/BCL ratio were lower and BCL-2 levels were higher than HFD+Sp group (p≤0.05). In addition, in the HFD+HIIT+Sp group, Bax levels were lower and BCL-2 levels were higher than in the HFD+HIIT group (p≤0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that although HIIT and Sp supplement separately have an anti-apoptotic effect, their interactive effect on inhibiting neuronal apoptosis in brain tissue in obesity conditions is more obvious than the effect of each one alone.
