Jorjani Biomedicine Journal

Background and objective: Psychological studies with behavioral therapy and cognitive therapy approaches seek to discover ways to treat attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of 12 weeks of physical activity with motor-cognitive approach on response inhibition and sustained attention in children with the symptoms of ADHD.
Material And MethodS: The present study was a quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design. The statistical population of the study consisted of all children aged 9 to 11 years with a history of 1 to 2 years of ADHD symptoms in Kermanshah. 30 children with ADHD voluntarily participated in the study and divided randomly in the experimental and control groups. Participants in the experimental group performed motor-cognitive training with moderate-intensity for 12 weeks (2 sessions in week) and 60 minute per session. The present research instrument was the Wechsler’s intelligence scale, the SNAP questionnaire, the stroop test and the continuous performance test. To analyze the data, multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance were used.
Results: The results showed a significant improvement in response inhibition (F1,28=63.1, sig=0.001) and sustained attention (F1,28=32.9, sig=0.001) scores in children with ADHD in the experimental group following 12 weeks of training (p≥0.001).
Conclusion: 12 weeks of physical activity with motor-cognitive approach had a positive effect on response inhibition and sustained attention in children with ADHD. Therefore, it is recommended that children with ADHD participate in physical activities with motor-cognitive approach to improve response inhibition and sustained attention.

Background and objective: Aging and menopause are associated with decreased antioxidant function, however, the role of exercise and estrogen consumption in the health of these people has been shown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the interactive effect of aerobic training (AT) and estrogen (Es) on serum levels of catalase (Cat) and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) enzymes in ovariectomized rats.
Material and Methods: In this experimental study, 45 ovariectomized rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 9 rats, including (1) control (C), (2) estrogen solvent (sesame oil) (Sh), (3) AT, (4), Es,and (5) AT+Es. Rats in groups 3 and 5 were trained for eight weeks and three sessions, and groups 4 and 5 randomly received 30 micrograms of estradiol valerate daily for eight weeks. Data analysis was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test at the significance level of 0.05.
Results: Cat levels in the AT (P= 0.006), Es (P= 0.005) and AT + Es (P = 0.001) groups were significantly higher than the control group. Cat levels in the AT + Es group were also significantly higher than in the Es group (P = 0.01). Gpx levels in the AT (P = 0.001), S (P = 0.001) and AT + Es (p = 0.001) groups were significantly higher than the control group, while in the S (P = 0.001) and AT + Es (P = 0.001) groups, they were significantly higher than the AT group.
Conclusion: It seems that aerobic training combined with estrogen consumption synergistically improves the function of the antioxidant system in ovariectomized rats. However, it seems that the signaling pathway of interventions requires further study.

Background and objective: Tobacco consumption is one of the hazardous factors that affect people’s quality of life and quality of sleep. This study aimed to compare components quality of sleep in physically active and inactive people tobacco consumers.
Methods: Tobacco consumers in Shiraz were the statistical population of this comparative study. That 470 people of them Participated in the study. Pittsburgh sleep quality questionnaire (PSQI) was used for data collection.
Results: physically active tobacco consumers compared with inactive tobacco consumers obtained significantly better scores in total PSQI score (p = 0.006) and subscales such as daytime dysfunction (p = 0.007), sleep duration (p = 0.002), sleep latency (p = 0.01), subjective sleep quality (p = 0.03).
Conclusion: Exercise and physical activity can have a positive effect on the quality of sleep in tobacco consumers. Findings can inform interventions designed to improve sleep quality via increasing opportunities for exercise among smokers.

Background and objective: Resistance training is a potential stimulus to increase muscle protein synthesis and the time under tension of muscle is one of the variables of strength training that contributes to its adaptation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance training with slow and fast speeds on some anabolic and catabolic hormones in healthy young women. 
Material and Methods: This quasi- experimental study was conducted on 20 female students (mean age 21.65±2.03 years). The subjects were randomly and equally assigned to two groups with a time under tension of 1s-1s (fast contraction speed (FCS)) and 3s-3s (slow contraction speed (SCS)). The training load was the same in both groups and resistance training was done in a circular manner for six weeks, three days a week in eight stations. Blood samples were taken from the subjects to study the research variables before the training period and 48h after the last session of the training.
Results: There was no significant difference between the serum levels of GH(P = 0.82), IGF-1(P = 0.13) and cortisol(P = 0.59) in both groups, but the levels of myostatin in the fast group increased and in the slow group decreased, and the difference between the two groups was significant (P = 0.04). Also, in the strength test, the slow group experienced further increased strength. (P = 0.02)
Conclusion: : Although no significant changes in the levels of IGF-1, myostatin, and cortisol is observed in intragroup comparison at six weeks, resistance training with slow contraction speed can lead to further increases in the growth hormone levels and strength.

Background and objective: The effect of aerobic exercise (AE) on cardiovascular (CVD) related risk factors are still debatable. Therefore this randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) was performed with unique and specific AE protocol to investigate the effect of eight-week AE only on female subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Material And Method: A controlled RCT was performed on 30 women with type 2 diabetes aged 30 - 50. They were randomly divided into two groups, intervention and control by block randomization method. The intervention group received an incremental AE for eight weeks, three sessions per week, max heart rate (55-75%) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) 12-13 for 150 minutes per week. Blood samples were taken before and after each intervention for both groups to be evaluated for fasting blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), lipid profile [triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)].
Result: Eight-week AE intervention led to a significant decrease in HbA1c, FBS levels (p = 0.025, p=0.003) in experimental group compared to control however no significant differences was observed in terms of lipid profile (total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), LDL-C and HDL-C) between control and experimental group (p> 0.05). The results of paired t-test showed that FBS, TC and HbA1c levels were significantly reduced within experimental group after intervention compared to pre-test (p = 0.038, p = 0.05, p = 0.002, respectively). There was no significant difference between TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C levels within experimental group between pre and post-test (p>0.05).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that AE has been effectively reduce FBS, HbA1c and TC in women type 2 diabetes.

Background and Objective: Although the efficacy of selected training and antioxidant herbs in the treatment of diabetes mellitus has been determined, the interactive effect of selected training and aqueous extract of barberry on insulin resistance and risk factors of type2 diabetes mellitus is not well understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of barberry and selected training on some blood factors in men with type2 diabetes.
Material and Methods: In this study, 48 middle-aged men an age range of 40-50 years with type2 diabetes participated in the study. The participants were randomly divided into four groups of 12 subjects, including(1)control, (2)aqueous extract of barberry consumption, (3)aerobic training, and (4)aerobic training+ barberry consumption, based on insulin resistance index. The participants in the aqueous extract of barberry consumption group received200 ml of barberry juice daily for8 weeks and the training and training+ barberry consumption groups performed the training protocol designed in the study for 8 weeks, while the control group did not receive any intervention.
Results: After 8 weeks of exercise training and consumption of aqueous extract of barberry, insulin resistance index, fasting insulin level, fasting blood glucose level, triglyceride level, low density lipoprotein (LDL)and total cholesterol were significantly decreased compared to the control group and high density lipoprotein (HDL)had a significant increase; on the other hand, regarding the intergroup changes, only the levels of LDL and CHO were significant compared to the aqueous extract of barberry consumption and aerobic training.
Conclusion: In general, aqueous extract of barberry consumption and regular exercise training seems to be effective in improving insulin resistance index and blood lipids levels in type2 diabetic patients.

Background and Objective: Vascular obstruction and impaired blood flow and oxygen delivery cause a myocardial infarction and limit a person's function. Therefore, finding a way to create new arteries and replace blocked arteries has always been of interest to researchers, including exercise physiologists. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of moderate-intensity endurance training on the capillary density of the myocardium and ejection fraction and left ventricular shortening fraction in male rats with myocardial infarction.
Material and Methods: 16 ten-week-old male wistar rats with mean weight of 250-300gr were allocated to two groups of experimental (60 minutes of interval treadmill running for four minutes at an intensity of 65-70% VO2max and two minutes of active rest at 50-60 percent of VO2max for 5 days a week for 8 weeks) and control group (without any training). Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the capillary density of the myocardium. Ejection fraction and left ventricular shortening fraction were measured by Doppler echocardiography. Data were analyzed in SPSS18 using independent samples t test (α≤ 0.05).
Results: The findings showed that there was a significant increase in the capillary density of the myocardium (p=0.000), ejection fraction (P = 0.001) and left ventricular shortening fraction (P = 0.001) in the experimental group as compared with the control group.
Conclusion: In general, eight weeks of moderate-intensity endurance training can effectively increase angiogenesis in male Wistar rats after MI. 

Background and Objective: Nutrition and physical activity are two factors which affecting the control of body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in the elderly population. Present study aimed to investigate the effects of continued training (CT) and high intensity interval training (HIIT) along with Citrus aurantium (Ca) on aerobic power and body composition of elderly rats.
Material And Methods: In this experimental study, 42 elderly rats with mean age of 14- 18 months were divided into 7 groups of 6 rats including: control, sham, HIIT, CT, HIIT+Ca and CT+Ca groups. During eight weeks, the Ca groups received 300 mg/kg Ca peritoneally and CT groups ran on treadmill for five sessions per week with intensity of 85%- 100% of VO2max and speed of 15-25 m/min as well as HIIT groups ran on treadmill for five sessions per week with intensity of 65% of VO2max and speed of 20-25 m/min.
Results: CT (P=0.04), HIIT+Ca (P=0.04), and CT+Ca (P=0.04) significantly increased aerobic power; HIIT+Ca (P=0.02) and CT+Ca (P=0.03) significantly increased heart weight and HIIT+Ca significantly decreased adipose tissue weight (P=0.01).
Conclusion: Although CT can improve aerobic power in elderly rats, nevertheless it seems that CT and HIIT along with Ca administration can have more favorable effects on the body composition of elderly rats.

Background and Objective: Reports indicate that over 60% of people with diabetes die from cardiovascular diseases. The present study was conducted to investigate the interactive effects of resistance training and genistein consumption on the serum levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) in diabetic rats with streptozotocin.
Material And Methods: In this experimental study, 40 diabetic rats were selected and divided into 5 groups of 8 subjects, including: (1) control, (2) sham (dimethyl sulfoxide), (3) resistance training (4), genistein consumption, and (5) resistance training and genistein consumption. Rats in groups 3 and 5 received 8 weeks of resistance training, 3 sessions per week, with 30 to 100% body weight, and rats in groups 4 and 5 received 30 mg/kg of peritoneal genistein per day. Data were analyzed using independent sample t-test and two-way ANOVA in SPSS software (p≤0.05).
Results: Genistein consumption has a significant effect on reduced serum levels of VCAM and ICAM in diabetic rats (p≤0.05). Eight weeks of resistance training has a significant effect on reduced serum levels of ICAM and CRP in diabetic rats (p≤0.05). Resistance training and genistein consumption have interactive effects on reduced serum levels of VCAM and CRP in diabetic rats (p≤0.05).
Conclusion: Resistance training and genistein consumption simultaneously appear to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis in diabetic rats.

Background and Objective: Musculoskeletal disorders are considered the primary health problem among military pilots. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between temperament, Somatotype and some anthropometric variables and prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries in military pilots.
Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study which was conducted in 2020, in Tehran, 100 military pilots from selected Air Force bases were participated. Prediction of injury was assessed by functional movement screen test. The pilots’ temperaments were determined by the standard natural temperament questionnaire. Somatotype was calculated using the Heath-Carter method. Anthropometric data were also collected. The relationship between variables was evaluated by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression and the difference between different temperaments in the values of variables was evaluated by one-way ANOVA (P < 0.05).
Results: The mean age, weight and functional movement screen score of the pilots were 34.36±5.94, 84.68±8.55 and 17.99±1.59, respectively. Between cold and wet temperament (P = 0.01), endomorphic component of somatotype (P = 0.001), weight (P = 0.001), Body mass index (P = 0.001), waist (P = 0.001), hip (P = 0.001), flexed arm (P = 0.004) and calf (P = 0.006) circumference had a significant negative relationship with functional movement screen test score. Functional movement screen test showed a significant positive relationship only with ectomorphic component (P = 0.001). There was no significant difference between different temperaments in functional movement screen test score (P = 0.64). Multiple linear regression showed a significant negative relationship only between functional movement screen test score and endomorphic component (P = 0.01).
Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that cold and wet temperament, weight, body mass index and endomorphic component of somatotype as individual characteristics are important factors that inversely related to functional movement screen test score of military pilots that should be considered.

On behalf of our Editorial team at Jorjani Biomedicine Journal, my heartfelt recognition for the commitment and contributions of those who served as reviewers for Jorjani Biomedicine Journal in 2020 as listed below. The high quality of their reviews is an extraordinary asset to ensure the quality of the articles published in Jorjani Biomedicine Journal. I want to express my most sincere and deepest appreciation to all of you exceptional scientists, researchers, and clinicians, for being part of this community as reviewers.

Amir Pournajafi, Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Behboud jafari, Department of Microbiology, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran.

Parisa Bolouri, Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agricalture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.

Mahin Nomali, Department Of Epidemiology And Biostatistics, School Of Public Health, Tehran University Of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Homeyra khodam, Nursing Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.

Alireza Heidari, Health management and social development research center, Golestan university of medical sciences, Gorgan, Iran.

Abbas Badakhshan, Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International campus), Tehran, Iran/ Health Management and Social Development Research Center, Golestan university of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.

Moslem Sarani, Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran/Deputy of research& Technology, Golestan University of medical sciences, Gorgan, Iran.

Masoomeh gholami, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Public Health.

Nasser behnampour, Department of Biostatistics, Health Management and Social Development Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.

Farhad Niknejad, Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.

Seyedeh Sedigheh Hosseini, Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran/ Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.

Seyed Mehdi Jafari, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan/ Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.

Seyed Ali Hosseini, Department of Sport Physiology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran.

Abdossaleh Zar, Department of Sport Science, School of Literature and Humanities, Persian Gulf University, Boushehr, Iran.

Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd, Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Hamed Kalani, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.

Mohammad Moballegholeslam, Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran.

Zhaleh Shafiei Sabet, Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.

Mahjube Entezarghaem, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughy University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Samaneh Hosseinzadeh, Assistant Professor Department of Biostatistics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation sciences.

Mohammad Amin Safari, Physical education and sport sciences department, school of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University.

Iman Fathi, Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Vali-e-Asr, Rafsanjan, Iran.

Saeedeh Shadmehri, Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre-rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Razieh Eskandari, Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.

Mehdi Ezoji, Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Babol Noshirvani University of Technology Mazandaran, Iran.

Fatemeh Bagheri, Department of Industrial Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Pardis Street, Molla Sadra Ave, Tehran, Iran.

Majid Ziaratban, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran.

Masoumeh Eslami, ENT department of 5azar hospital, Golestan University of medical science, Gorgan, Iran.

Zahra Mehrbakhsh, Department of Biostaticstics , School of Health, Hamahan University of Medical sciences, Hamahan,Iran./ Department of Biostaticstics , School of Health, Golestan University of Medical sciences, Gorgan,Iran.

Masoud Maleki, Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran.

Saeed Mohammadi, Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran/ Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.

Hesamaddin Shirzad-Aski, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.

Tahereh Sadeghian, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Shahid Ashrafi Esfahani University, Isfahan, Iran.

Yashar Bagherizadeh, Department of Microbiology, Kazeroon branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazeroon.

Abubakar Muyibi, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.

Maryam kazemipoor, Endodontic department,Dental school,Shahid Sadoughi Univetsity of Medical Sciences,Yazd,Iran.

Fatemeh Owlia, associate professor. Department of Oral and maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences,Yazd, Iran/ Social determinants of oral health -research center, shahid sadoughi university of medical sciences, Yazd, Iran.

Mehrdad Karimi, Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran/ Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Ehsan babaei, Department of Oralmedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services.  

Maryam Chehrehgosha, Department of Surgical Technology, Paramedical School, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran / Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.

Maliheh Moradzadeh, Rheumatology Research center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

Fatemeh Mehravar, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS).

Background and Objective: Research on how to participate in recreational sports and the factors influencing the choice of these sports are too meager in health areas. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the effect of recreational sports development on health and Participation of students in sports activities.
Material and Methods: The present study is descriptive-correlative in terms nature, and is applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study consisted of all university students in Bushehr city, from whom the study sample was picked based on stratified random selection (N=384). To collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire was used and the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by twelve experts. Also, its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha (r=0.91) and composite reliability. In order to analyze the data and examine the fit of the model, structural equation modeling was implemented using PLS3 and SPSS24 software (p≤0.05). The results of path analysis revealed that the development of recreational sports has a direct and positive correlation with physical health. Also, the effect of recreational sports development on students’ participation in sport was significant.
Results: The results of factor analysis showed that physical health, mental health, and physical fitness had a significant role in explaining the physical health variable. Also, social aspects, athletic interest and pleasure, athletic performance and athletic skill acquisition had a determining role in the sport participation variable.
Conclusion: According to the findings, it can be deduced that in the attention to and research on sport participation in health area, simply reliance on individual characteristics results in Halo error (based on behavioral theories), and to avoid it, it’s better to notice the effects of other variables, such as the athletic interest and pleasure, athletic performance, and athletic skill-acquisition.

Background and Objectives: Foodborne illness is a common public health problem. Surfaces and equipment used in food production are involved in the spread of foodborne pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial effect of Vinoxide and Sanisept against Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from food production lines.
Material and Methods: In this descriptive study, 110 samples were taken from various equipment and surfaces used in food workshops and local kitchens. After identification of S. aureus by microbiological tests, the antimicrobial effect of two disinfectants (Vinoxide and Sanisept) on the isolates was assessed using the dilution-neutralization test according to the protocols of Iranian National Standards No 2842 and 9899.
Results: Of 110 collected samples, 21 (19.1%) were contaminated with S. aureus. The results showed that 19% and 38% of S. aureus isolates were able to grow after treatment with Vinoxide and Sanisept, respectively. Although Vinoxide had better bactericidal effect than Sanisept, both disinfectants could significantly reduce the number of live S. aureus isolates (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Sanisept and Vinoxide have significant inhibitory effects on S. aureus isolates, but due to the unpleasant odor of Vinoxide, the use of Sanisept is recommended in food industry.

Background and Objective: Diabetes is one of the health problems in all societies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a period of training at different temperatures on the gene expression of GLUT_4 and insulin receptor in the brown adipose tissue of diabetic rats.
Material and Methods: In this experimental study, 21 diabetic rats were randomly divided into 3 groups of 7 animals, including: (1) control (C), (2) swimming training at 5° C (S5ºC), and (3) swimming training at 36° C (S36ºC). Water swimming training was performed at 5±2° C and 36±2° C for six weeks, 5 sessions per week and 2-4 minutes per session. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test at the significance level of p≤0.05.
Results: The gene expression of GLUT4 and insulin receptor in the S5º C and S36º C groups was significantly (P = 0.0001) higher than the control group. Also, the gene expression of GLUT4 in the S36º C group was higher than the S5º C group (p = 0.001), and the expression of insulin receptor in the S5º C group was significantly (p = 0.001) higher than the S36º C group.
Conclusion: Swimming training at 5º C and 36º C significantly increased the gene expression of GLUT4 and insulin receptor in the brown adipose tissue of diabetic rats.

Background and Objective: Effects of resistance training and herbal supplements on cardiac signaling pathways are sparsely reported in the literature. This study aimed to evaluate the CITED4 gene expression in the cardiac muscle of male rats as a result of resistance exercise and spirulina supplementation.
Material and Methods: Thirty-two rats (male - Sprague Dally) were grouped into 4 groups (1. resistance training: RE, 2. spirulina + resistance training: SP +RE, 3. spirulina platensis: SP, 4. control: Co, n = 8). The training program was performed for healthy training groups 5 sessions per week for 8 weeks. Supplementation included 200 mg/kg/ day of Spirulina for the supplement groups. Real-time PCR was used to measure gene expression. We used of Two-way ANOVA in SPSS (p<0.05).
Results: In comparison with the control group, we observed a significant increase in CITED4 gene expression in RE (P= 0.001) and RE+SP (P= 0.001) groups. Also, there was a significant difference in CEBP gene expression between CO with RE (P= 0.001), SP (P= 0.034), RE+SP (P= 0.001) groups.
Conclusion: Spirulina supplementation alone has no effect on the signaling pathway of cardiac hypertrophy. However, if used concomitantly with resistance training, it can affect the signal pathway of cardiac hypertrophy.

Background and Objective: As a high-energy demanding tissue, the heart is exposed to a high level of ROS molecules such as H2O2, leading to cardiovascular disorders through damaging macromolecules such as DNA and disrupting ATP production. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the simultaneous effect of aerobic exercise (Ae) and Linum Usitatissimum (Lu) supplementation on DNA damage and ATP synthesis in heart and aorta endothelial tissues in rats poisoned with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
Material and Methods: 56 male Wistar Albino rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, including HC (Healthy Control), TC (Toxicated Control), Lu1 (Received 5 mg/kg of Lu), Lu2 (Received 10 mg/kg of Lu), Ae (Received only Aerobic Exercise), Ae Lu1, and Ae Lu2. Then, all groups got poisoned by H2O2 except HC. Next, they received Linum Usitatissimum (Lu) supplementation and Low-Intensity Interval Training (LIIT). Finally, 24h after the last treatment session, the level of 6-methylguanine (6MG) and ATP were measured via the ELISA technique in cardiovascular tissue.
Results: The findings determined that Lu supplementation and Ae significantly diminish the 6-methyl guanine level in endothelial (F=111.3, p=0.0008, ƞ=0.9823) and heart cells (F=147.9, p=0.0005, ƞ=0.9867). Also, the ATP level was increased significantly in endothelial (F=342.6, p=0.0003, ƞ=0.9942) and heart cells (F=135.1, p=0.0013, ƞ=0.9854). However, no considerable changes were found for both factors in groups who received Ae or Lu singularly.
Conclusion: The study showed that concurrent administration of Lu and Ae could exert dynamic cardioprotective properties through their antioxidant effects.

BBackground and Objective: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important case of nosocomial infections and a major health problem. The increased emergence of resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants among these bacteria, necessitates the production of new antimicrobials with wider activity and low toxicity. This study was carried out to evaluate inhibitory effects of chlorhexidine gluconate and extract of Peganum harmala on multi-drug resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa.
Material and Methods: 39 P. aeruginosa strains were isolated from 114 environmental samples. After identifying MDR strains, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of chlorhexidine gluconate (20%) and P. harmala extract against the isolates was determined by broth microdilution method. 
Results: Overall, 27 (69.2%) P. aeruginosa isolates resistant to quinolones, aminoglycoside, cephems and carbapenems were reported as MDR strains. The MIC of chlorhexidine gluconate was ≥ 1000μg/ml, which was 4-fold higher than the MIC of P. harmala extract (MIC=500μg/ml). MIC of chlorhexidine gluconate and P. harmala extract against P. aeruginosa isolates differed significantly (P=0.01).
Conclusion: Compared to chlorhexidine gluconate, P. harmala extract has a higher antibacterial effect on MDR P. aeruginosa isolates from environment. Further research is required to verify the efficacy of this plant extract for disinfection of equipment in clinics and local kitchens.

Background and Objective: Interactive effects of Aerobic Training (AT) and Royal Jelly (RJ) consumption is still not well understood in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Therefore, the aim of this study was determine the effect of aerobic training with royal jelly consumption on health related anthropometric markers in an Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) model.
Material and Methods: 49 EAE induced by complete Freund’s Adjuvant, model female Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to 7 groups: (1) EAE, (2) sham (Sh), (3) RJ50 mg/kg, (4) RJ100, (5) AT, (6) AT+RJ50, (7) AT+RJ100. Also, 7 healthy rats were put in the healthy control group (HC). AT was performed for five weeks, four sessions per week at a speed of 11-15 m/min for 30 minutes and RJ was IP injection for 50 and 100 mg/kg/day.
Results: In the AT, AT+RJ50, AT+RJ100 and RJ100 groups, weight, visceral fat weight and aerobic power were higher than the EAE group (P≥0.05); in the RJ50 group, weight and in the RJ100 and AT+RJ100 groups, BMI was lower than the EAE group (P≥0.05). AT+RJ100 reduced food intake compared to the EAE group (P≥0.05); also, aerobic power in the AT, AT+RJ50 and AT+RJ100 groups was higher than the RJ50 and RJ100 groups (P≥0.05).
Conclusion: Generally AT and RJ alone improved anthropometric markers in EAE model; also interaction of AT and RJ was dependent of dosage of RJ so that the effect of 100 mg/kg dosage was higher than 50 mg/kg.

Background and Objective: Quercetin is a polyphenolic flavonoid compound with a potent antioxidant impact, proposed to make a drastic contribution in treating male infertility. The current systematic review aimed to provide an overview of previous studies about quercetin's impact on male infertility.
Material and Methods: Electronic search with MeSH words including Quercetin, Infertility, Sperm, Testicular tissue, and Sex hormones was accomplished in databases Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Wiley, NCBI, and Google Scholar. Finally, 296 articles were recognized during the primary search. A total of 144 papers,passing the analysis stage containing Identification, Screening, and Eligibility were selected for assessment.
Results: Quercetin prevents damage to the testicular germinal epithelium and facilitates the spermatogenesis process by strengthening the antioxidant system, reducing lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, preventing the expression of pro-apoptotic genes, increasing testosterone and gonadotropins.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the present review showed that quercetin by its antioxidant impacts, can counteract various toxins that induce oxidative stress in the male reproductive system.