Showing 9 results for بیمار
Maryam Parvini, Parivar Kazem, Mohammad Javan,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (10-2013)
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells as the cells with a capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into various specific
cell types have been highly regarded in regenerative medicine studies. To repair the eye disease damages, the
differentiation into retinal pigment epithelial cells of pluripotent stem cells has gained great importance in
recent decades because the inappropriate function of these cells is the main cause of degenerative diseases such
as the age-related macular degeneration. Millions of people in the world suffer this disease.
To restore the damaged cells and, finally, to improve the vision, numerous studies have been conducted on using
pluripotent stem cells, their differentiation into retinal pigment epithelial cells, and finally, their application
in cell therapy. Based on this, many researchers have attempted to produce highly efficient retinal pigment
epithelial cells, such that they show a proper function after transplant, along with the host cells. In this review
article, the importance and the role of pigment epithelial cells, as well as, the studies on the in vitro production
of these cells were examined
Maliheh Alhavaz, Leila Mahasti Jouybari, Nafiseh Hekmati Pour, Akram Sanagu, Ladan Fazli, Fozieh Bakhsha, Seyyedyaghub Jafari,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (10-2013)
Abstract
Background and objectives
theaters and are not in appropriate conditions and need further support. Therefore, this study was conducted
with an objective to explain medical ethics in the operating theater and the clinical experiences of the students
of anesthesiology.
: Clinical students should become familiar with medical ethics and its principles from the beginning, observing it in their relationships with patients, in particular, the patients who are in operating
Methods:
University of Medical Sciences were studied using a purposive sampling method. The inclusion criteria of
the students included passing at least one semester of clinical experience in the ope
In this qualitative study with a phenomenological approach, 50 students of anesthesiology at Golestanrating theater, and having
inclination for participation in the study. The data collection tool was semi-structured interviews. The data were
analyzed using the conventional content analysis method. The data were analyzed in a regular three-phase pro
that is, open coding, axial coding and selective coding.
cess,
Results:
main theme derived from this study was that the patient is in the trust of us.
The themes concluded from this study for explaining medical ethics in the operating theater included trustworthiness, having a chaste look, confidentiality, observing the patient’s privacy and their clothing. The
Conclusion:
The results showed that the students of anesthesiology consider the patient as a member of their own family, and attempt to take care of the patient, who is in sensitive conditions, in the best possible way.
Zahra Moshtagh Eshgh, Ali Akbar Aghaeinezhad, Akram Peyman, Aref Amirkhani, Fakhredin Taghinejad, Ali Akbar Sheikhi,
Volume 2, Issue 2 (10-2014)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Job burnout is one of the inevitable consequences of occupational stress. Professional staff of social services are the first candidates of burnout, therefore this study was aimed to determine the relationship between occupational stresses with job burnout in pre-hospital emergency staff.
Method: In this cross-sectional study, 206 employees, working in 44 pre-hospital emergency bases in Golestan province were enrolled in years 2011-12. Information was obtained by occupational stress questionnaire and Maslach Burnout and then using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient test, ANOVA, T-Test and Tukey tests the data were analyzed in SPSS software.
Results: 117 individuals (75.5 percent) had moderate to high stress. Organizational factors (21.62 ± 6.05) with a mean score from 100 (65.51) had the highest score in causing stress and physical factors (10.44 ± 3.43), occupational (37.12 ± 1.12) and group factors (10.54 ± 1.12) were second and third respectively. Among all the subjects, 76.6% had experienced moderate to high burnout. There was a significant statistical difference between job stress and age (P=0.02) , type of employment (P=0.048) and between burnout and education (P=0.028) in the overall level of job stress and burnout significant correlation was observed (r=0.335, P<0.001).
Conclusion: Emergency staffs work in a stressful environment, which leads to burnout, thus identifying stressors and ways to overcome these factors, especially in the corporate (management) dimension can help reduce burnout.
Mahnaz Gholjeh, Maryam Dastoorpour, Afsaneh Ghasemi,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (5-2015)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Obtaining the means of promoting nursing care quality have been always considered by nursing managers. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between nursing care quality and patients satisfaction in the hospitals affiliated to Zahedan University of Medical Sciences in 2014.
Methods: The present cross-sectional study was accomplished on 68 employed nurses and 204 patients during a 4 month random sampling time interval. Three patients per nurse who had utilized at least 72 hours of nursing cares and were about to discharge at the time of research were chosen. Data collection tolls were the standardized questionnaires including nursing care quality measurement tool (Quality patient care scale: QUALPAC) and Patient Satisfaction Instrument (PSI). The data were analyzed using Chi-square, One-Way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient tests.
Results: The average age of the nurses and patients were respectively 30.8±4.9 and 37.9±10.7. The average score for QUALPAC was 61.3±12.5 and the quality of care was desirable in 55% of cases. Moreover, the average score for the satisfaction of patients was 71.8±10.9 and the patients expressed an intermediate satisfaction in 61 percent of cases. There was a positive significant correlation between the nursing care and patient satisfaction (P=0001).
Conclusion: It seems as if the health care system can provide the satisfaction of patients by enhancing nursing care quality or to employing more skilled nurses.
Ali Memarian, Sara Abdolmaleki,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (10-2015)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Defect in Immune responses, such as immunosuppression is one of the major causes of AML pathogenesis and progression which could be targeted for immunotherapy of these patients. CD200 and IDO are immunoregulatory factors which are overexpressed in some solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Distinct researches have shown that CD200 and IDO expressions are associated with AML progression. In the current study, we simultaneously examined the expression of these molecules, as the two important factors including in immunosuppression, in the newly diagnosed and relapse AML patients to investigate their correlation with each other.
Methods: In this study, 48 Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) samples of newly diagnosed and relapsed AML patients were tested and also 32 PBMCs of normal subjects were employed as normal controls. CD200 expression level was examined on the cells by Flowcytometry and quantitative real time RT-PCR was used to determine the IDO-1 gene expression. Finally data were analyzed statistically by Spss 17 software.
Results: Our data showed that CD200 (P=0.02) and IDO-1 (P=0.44) were overexpressed in AML samples especially in relapsed patients. Comparison between FAB AML subgroups demonstrated no statistical differences regarding CD200 level but expression of IDO-1 was slightly increased only in M4 subgroup in comparison to M3 (P=0.01). Correlation analyses showed strong association between the expressions of CD200 and IDO-1 in all patients particularly in relapsed AML, whereas no significant correlation was found in normal subjects.
Conclusion: According to the role and overexpression of CD200 and IDO-1 in AML patients and also their two-way correlation with T-reg lymphocytes in disease induction and progression, simultaneous assessment of these parameters are so valuable for more exact prognosis detection. Also inhibition of all these immunoregulatory pathways could be so useful for immunotherapy outcome, especially in relapsed AML.
Towhid Babazadeh, Morteza Banaye Jeddi, Davood Shojaeizadeh, Fatemeh Moradi, Katayoon Mirzaeian, Elham Gheysvandi,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (10-2016)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Family-centered empowerment model is one of the patterns in the area of empowering patients in modification of risky behaviors. According to extensive health and economic consequences of brucellosis in the community, we decided to evaluate the effect of this pattern in risk behavior modification in patients with brucellosis.
Methods: The current study was a quasi-experimental study that was performed on 76 individuals with brucellosis in Chalderan County, 2013. All of the patients were allocated in intervention and control groups using stratified randomiztion. Data was collected using a standardized researcher-made questionnaire based on family-centered empowerment model in five structures including knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, self-esteem and behavior in two phases. The first stage was before the educational intervention and the second stage was performed two months after the intervention. To analyze data statistically, descriptive statistics and paired and independent t tests with the significance level of 0.05 were used.
Results: Mean and standard deviation of the patients' ages was 37.9 ± 14.7. Paired t-test results showed that the mean scores of knowledge (p<0.001), attitudes (p<0.001), self efficacy (p<0.001), self-esteem (p<0.001) and behavior (p<0.001) were significantly increased within the intervention group. However, the changes were not significant in the mean scores of knowledge (p=0.293), attitudes (p=0.106), self efficacy (p=0.225), self-esteem (p=0.105) and behavior (p=0.303) in the control group. According to the results of independent t-test, the mean scores increased considerably in all structures within the intervention group in comparison to the control group after the educational intervention (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Regular interventional programs and applying educational theories could be an effective method in high risk behavior modification in patients with brucellosis. Therefore, such programs should be implemented in a wide range.
Dr Ahmad Jameii Khosroshahi, Mahmood Samadi, Dr Elnaz Skandartaj, Dr Agha Ali Yar-Makooyi, Farid Karkon Shayan,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (5-2017)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is one of the common complications of congenital heart diseases in children. The natriuretic peptides such as BNP, ANP and NT-Pro BNP are secreted in response to atrial and/or ventricular stretch. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between pulmonary hypertension with BNP serum level and the quantity of left to right shunt based on echocardiography findings in children with congenital heart disease.
Method: In an analytical-descriptive study, 30 children with congenital heart disease after going through echocardiography and being confirmed to have one of VSD, ASD or PDA, were enrolled. The BNP serum level, quantity of the left to right shunt and systolic pulmonary pressure were measured.
Results: In the present study, 13 patients were male (43.3%) and 17 (56.7%) were female. The average BNP serum level of patients was 194.9 ± 21.2 (pg/ml). There was a significant relationship between systolic pulmonary pressure and BNP level among patients (P<0.001). There was also a positive correlation between average serum level of BNP and quantity of the left to right shunt (P=0.018).
Conclusion: On the basis of echocardiography findings, there was a positive correlation between systolic pulmonary pressure with BNP serum level and the quantity of left to right shunt. Therefore, it can be helpful among patients whom the pulmonary arterial pressure cannot be measured for any reason.
Dr Ehsan Zarei, Dr Aziz Rezapoor, Dr Sima Marzban, Dr Payam Tabarsi, Vahid Bay,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (5-2017)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis requires high utilization of resources and costs and assessing the utilization of health care resources is always important for budgeting and long-term planning in a highly dynamic health care system. This study aimed to investigate the resources and service utilization pattern of patients with smear positive tuberculosis in the Azadshahr district, Golestan province.
Methods: In this retrospective and cross-sectional study, all new patients with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis who were registered and successfully completed their treatment at the health network of Azadshahr County, from April 2013 to October 2015, were entered to the study (45 patients). Data were collected from the patients’ records at the health care facilities, telephone interviews with patients and registry book of patients in the tuberculosis unite of health network.
Results: The average duration of treatment and DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment, Short-Course) implementation was 195 and 158 days per patient, respectively. The average drug consumption was 741 pills and the average number of X-ray and laboratory tests (smear test) was 1.7 and 4.4 per patient, respectively. Each patient had been visited on average 8.8 times by physician and 27% of patients were hospitalized, their average length of stay was 1.8 days.
Conclusion: Our findings showed that the utilization pattern of resources and services in patients with tuberculosis was approximately consistent with protocols developed by World Health Organization (WHO) and Ministry of Health of Iran often.
Majid Amini Khorasgani , Parisa Mohammady Nejad, Mohammad Mehdi Moghani Bashi,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (12-2018)
Abstract
Background and objectives: One of the latest studies in the genetics field is the evaluation of role of micro-RNAs as a biomarker for diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS), which is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) and emerges in the form of numerous small and large plaques in white matter in the brain and spinal cord. This disease could be associated with several complications, including reduced vision, spasticity and imbalance, and impaired sphincter control. MiR-202-3p is an intronic miRNA located in the ADA (Adenosine Deaminase) gene, which is the main enzyme involved in the pathway for the conversion of adenosine into inosine. Moreover, ADA regulates the inflammatory response and protection of tissue from damage as a strong complementary mechanism. This study aimed to evaluate the expression level of miR-202-3p in individuals diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and healthy individuals in Isfahan, Iran.
Methods: This analytical-observatory study was performed on 49 RRMS patients and 52 healthy individuals with no history of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Total RNA was extracted from blood lymphocytes by Ficoll and Trizol. Afterwards, cDNA was formed using a special miRNA cDNA kit, followed by the application of Real-time RT PCR to measure the expression of miR-202-3p in healthy individuals and patients.
Results: According to the results, the miR-202-3p expression was higher in patients, compared to healthy individuals (P=0.006). In addition, the sensitivity and diagnostic value of this miRNA in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were equal to AUC=0.80 (area under the curve).
Conclusion: In line with other studies, our findings demonstrated that miR-2023p can be used as a biomarker in the diagnosis of MS. In addition, it seems that miR-202-3p acts as an immunosuppressant by inhibiting ADA gene, which regulates various processes related to inflammatory response and maintenance of tissue from damage.
