Showing 12 results for رت
Maryam Parvini, Parivar Kazem, Mohammad Javan,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (10-2013)
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells as the cells with a capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into various specific
cell types have been highly regarded in regenerative medicine studies. To repair the eye disease damages, the
differentiation into retinal pigment epithelial cells of pluripotent stem cells has gained great importance in
recent decades because the inappropriate function of these cells is the main cause of degenerative diseases such
as the age-related macular degeneration. Millions of people in the world suffer this disease.
To restore the damaged cells and, finally, to improve the vision, numerous studies have been conducted on using
pluripotent stem cells, their differentiation into retinal pigment epithelial cells, and finally, their application
in cell therapy. Based on this, many researchers have attempted to produce highly efficient retinal pigment
epithelial cells, such that they show a proper function after transplant, along with the host cells. In this review
article, the importance and the role of pigment epithelial cells, as well as, the studies on the in vitro production
of these cells were examined
Ali Ramezankhani, Fatemeh Rakhshani, Mohtasham Ghaffari, Shahla Ghanbari, Somayeh Azimi,
Volume 2, Issue 1 (5-2014)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Health promotion is defined as the process of enabling people to increase control over their behavior and health improvement. Among all these, health promoting behaviors are one of the best ways by which people can maintain and control their health. Due to the importance of young adults› health in promoting health in the community, This study aimed to determine and compare the health promoting behaviors in the first and fourth year students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical and non-Medical Sciences in the academic year 92-93.
Method: This cross-sectional study was carried on 500 students from the two Shahid Beheshti Universities by multistage sampling. Data were collected by the 52-item questionnaire of Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 18, independent t-test, Pearson correlation, multiple regression analysis and ANOVA analysis.
Results: The results showed that from the total score of 208, the average and standard deviation of health promoting behaviors was 128.74 ± 20.16 in students of medical sciences and 128.96 ± 20.52 in non-medical students. Among all the aspects of health promoting behaviors on the two tested groups, self-actualization and physical activity had the highest and lowest scores respectively.
Conclusion: In this study, there was no statistically significant difference between the average score of health promoting behaviors among medical and non-medical students.
Sara Sohrabvandi, Seyed Amir Mohgammad Mortazavian, Hamed Jahani, Mohammad Javad Eivani, Ameneh Nematollahhi, Rozita Komeili,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (5-2015)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Fortification of beverages with new functional ingredients such as prebiotics is one of the recent progresses in the field of juice production. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of adding some prebiotics such as Inulin and Tagatose on physicochemical and sensory properties of orange juice.
Methods: The prebiotic compounds (Inulin and Tagatose) along with sucrose were added to orange juice in specific proportions and then pasteurized at 90°C. Orange juice treated samples were kept at 4°C (refrigerator temperature) and 25°C (room temperature) for 3 months. Physicochemical (Brix, acidity, sucrose content and pH) and sensory properties of treated samples were evaluated within time intervals of one month.
Results: The results showed that storage temperature had no significant effect on pH, Brix and acidity of all treatments (P>0.05). On the other hand, total sugar content of all treatments had decreased significantly during storage (P<0.05), as the greatest decrease was observed in Inulin-3/Sucrose-3 treatment keeping at room temperature with 33.7%. It was reported that no change in the transparency treatments was observed (P>0.05). Storage of treatments at room temperature had decreased the acceptance of flavors significantly (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The result of this study showed that Inulin in combination with sucrose and Tagatose could be used to produce salutary juice with desirable sensory properties.
Samaneh Homayouni-Meyamndi, Noormohammad Bakhshani,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (10-2015)
Abstract
Background and Objective: β-Thalassemia major is a chronic genetic disease which is determined with symptoms and signs of a chronic severe anemia. Children with β-Thalassemia major have several risk factors for cognitive problems. The purpose of this study was to compare the cognitive function in β-thalassemia major children and healthy counterparts.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 1391, using convenient sampling method in Zahedan and Shiraz cities. After matching children in terms of age, gender and city of residence, 40 children with β-thalassemia major and 40 matched healthy 6-12 year old children were compared using the independent t-test and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Revision (WISC-R) in terms of verbal understanding, organizing perceptual and freedom from distraction. Data were expressed in descriptive ways and independent t-test was used to analyze data using spss 18 software.
Results: Children with β-Thalassemia major gained low scores in the areas of verbal understanding (P=0.01) and freedom from distraction (P=0.01) significantly in comparison to healthy counterparts, but no significant difference was observed in the area of organizing perceptual index (P=0.29) not difference between the two groups.
Conclusion: Children with β-Thalassemia major do not necessarily face cognitive decline and are slightly lower than their healthy counterparts and require more attention in the field of education, to improve the quality of their knowledge.
Arezoo Bagheri, Mahsa Saadati,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (10-2015)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Discriminant analysis and logistic regression are classical methods for classifying data in several studies. However, these models do not lead in valid results due to not meeting all necessary assumptions. The purpose of this study was to classify the number of Children Ever Born (CEB) using decision tree model in order to present an efficient method to classify demographic data.
Methods: In the present study, CART tree model with Gini splitting rule was fitted to classify the number of CEB in fertility behavior of at least once married 15-49 year-old women, in Semnan-2012. 405 women aged 15-49 years old comprised the survey sample.
Results: Women in first and second birth cohorts who had married at an early age had 3 CEB while women who had married at an older age had 2 CEB. Women in third birth cohort who had married at an early age and were employed, had 2 CEB while unemployed women in this cohort whose type of marriages were familial and non-familial had 0 and 1 CEB respectively. Women in the third birth cohort who were married in older age had 1 CEB.
Conclusion: Among important advantages of CART model are the simplicity in interpretation, using distribution-free measures, considering missing data and outliers for construction trees which has increased the usage of this method. Therefore, this method is a suitable way for classifying demographic data in comparison to other classical modeling methods in the conditions that necessary assumptions are not met.
Soraya Karami, Layasadat Khorsandi,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (5-2016)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Seeds of cultivated safflower which are now used in pharmaceutical and food industries are in white coat color. No commercially available pigmented genotype of cultivated safflower has been reported yet. This study was to investigate the probable toxicological effects of black coat seed of a new pigmented variety of safflower (A82) on liver and kidney tissues of male wistar rats.
Methods: In the present experimental study, 54 male wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups of 24 (including 4 subgroups of 6 rats) and a control group of 6 rats. Group 1 (control group), distilled water, group 2 (CTBS) and Group 3 (CTWS) were respectively given grain crust suspension (A82) and white shell (C111) safflower on a daily basis, at doses of 30, 60, 180 and 240 mg per kg body weight orally for 5 weeks. In order to address the biochemical tests including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ,alkaline phosphatase (ALP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr), arterial blood samples were taken. Regarding histological studies, liver and kidney organs were removed immediately. After fixation of samples in 10% formalin, 4-5 µm tissue sections were prepared. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining method followed by light microscopy was used to examine the sections. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the means between groups and least significant difference (LSD) was used to perform additional tests.
Results: In both CTBS and CTWS treatment groups, the body weight of wistar rats increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner (233.00±4.74 and 218.76±5.43, respectively) compared to the control group (196.79±4.88). The increasing trend was significantly higher in CTBS group compared to the CTWS group (p<0.05). In contrast to the results of body weight, organ weights of liver and kidney treatment groups were not significantly changed in all treatment groups. The serum levels of ALT and AST showed no significant difference between treatment groups and also in comparison to the control group. The serum level of ALP within CTBS treatment group (567.39±32.5) was significantly lower than CTWS (609.94±30.5) and control groups (819.50±38.21) (p<0.05). BUN and Cr were decreased among treatment groups in comparison to the control group (p>0.05). Moreover, regarding histopathological studies, neither liver nor kidney necrosis or damages were visualized in treatment groups in a dose-dependent manner.
Conclusion: Our findings showed that safflower seed, especially black ones (A82) has no toxic effects over liver and kidney tissues. The positive effects of black seeds on body weight among wistar rats may be an interesting effect to be further investigated for exploitation in the poultry industry.
Dr Khaled Aslani, Ali Mohammadi, Zahra Rezaee Nia,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (5-2016)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Nowadays, it is noteworthy to consider the nature of lovemaking as an important issue in social psychology and individual personality assessment. Therefore, this study was done aiming to compare the social anxiety, dysfunctional attitudes and body image in three groups of lovemaking in the real world, lovemaking in the virtual world and without lovemaking.
Methods: This is a descriptive study of causal – comparative type. The study population includes all male and female students of Shahid Chamran University in the academic year of 2014-15. A sample size of 300 students was selected using snowball sampling method. Data collection tools were: Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD), Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) and Multidimensional Body – Self Relations Questionnaires (MBSRQ). Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 and ANOVA Multivariate Analysis.
Results: We showed that a significant difference exists between scores of social anxiety, body image and dysfunctional attitudes in three groups of lovemaking in the real world, virtual world and without lovemaking (P < 0.0001). Our results revealed that the body image, social anxiety and dysfunctional attitudes in real world lovemaking group compared to virtual lovemaking and without lovemaking is significantly different and has a lower level. Body image, social anxiety, and dysfunctional attitudes in virtual lovemaking were also significantly different and had a lower level (P < 0.0001).
Conclusion: The results of this study could be helpful in pre-marriage and awareness counseling to people about the types of relationships and promotion of healthy communication patterns in society.
Samira Shakerizadeh, Mohammadi Shekari, Abdolazim Nejatizadeh, Aliakbar Poursadegh Zonouzi, Hedieh Fardmanesh, Ahmad Poursadegh Zonouzi,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (10-2016)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Deregulation in the expression of microRNAs is involved in the pathogenesis of various malignancies. Impaired microRNAs processing pathway is one possible mechanism for global deregulation of the miRNAs. Exportin 5 (XPO5) is a key member of this pathway that links nuclear and cytoplasmic steps of miRNAs biogenesis together. XPO5 deregulation has been reported in some cancers but very little is known about its role in breast cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the mRNA expression of XPO5 in breast cancer in an Iranian population.
Methods: In this case-control study, 30 tumoral tissues and 30 tumor-free margins were collected from breast cancer patients. After RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, XPO5 mRNA expression level was assessed using quantitative Real-Time PCR.
Results: Our results showed that XPO5 was overexpressed in 53.3% of tumoral tissues but the difference in the gene expression level between tumoral tissues and tumor-free margins was not statistically significant (P-value=0.834). XPO5 expression level showed no statistically significant correlation and association with clinical and pathological parameters.
Conclusion: Overexpression of XPO5 in large percent of patients indicates that high level of XPO5 expression may be a tumorigenic factor for breast cancer which needs to be investigated more deeply.
Dr Ahmad Jameii Khosroshahi, Mahmood Samadi, Dr Elnaz Skandartaj, Dr Agha Ali Yar-Makooyi, Farid Karkon Shayan,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (5-2017)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is one of the common complications of congenital heart diseases in children. The natriuretic peptides such as BNP, ANP and NT-Pro BNP are secreted in response to atrial and/or ventricular stretch. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between pulmonary hypertension with BNP serum level and the quantity of left to right shunt based on echocardiography findings in children with congenital heart disease.
Method: In an analytical-descriptive study, 30 children with congenital heart disease after going through echocardiography and being confirmed to have one of VSD, ASD or PDA, were enrolled. The BNP serum level, quantity of the left to right shunt and systolic pulmonary pressure were measured.
Results: In the present study, 13 patients were male (43.3%) and 17 (56.7%) were female. The average BNP serum level of patients was 194.9 ± 21.2 (pg/ml). There was a significant relationship between systolic pulmonary pressure and BNP level among patients (P<0.001). There was also a positive correlation between average serum level of BNP and quantity of the left to right shunt (P=0.018).
Conclusion: On the basis of echocardiography findings, there was a positive correlation between systolic pulmonary pressure with BNP serum level and the quantity of left to right shunt. Therefore, it can be helpful among patients whom the pulmonary arterial pressure cannot be measured for any reason.
Dr Mahsa Saadati,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (10-2017)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Migration, in any forms and by any motivations or outcomes, as a demographic phenomenon, has various cultural and socio-economic effects on local, regional, national and international levels. On the other hand, fertility plays an important role in health and population studies and researchers have examined its changes and trends in various aspects. The aim of this research was modeling the mean number of children ever born (CEB) for women who have left their cities or villages and migrated to Tehran city using regression tree model.
Methods: Data was obtained from 2% of raw data from the census of 2011 and analyzed by regression tree model. Tree models are nonparametric statistical techniques which do not need complicated and unreachable assumptions of traditional parametric ones and have a considerable accuracy of modeling. These models are associated with simple interpretation of results. Therefore, they have been used by researches in many fields such as social sciences.
Results: Age, educational level, job status, cause of migration, internet use for urban migrant women and age for rural migrant women were assumed as influential covariates in predicting the mean number of CEB.
Conclusion: Regression tree findings revealed that urban migrants who were in higher age groups, lower educational levels, unemployed and have not used internet have had more mean number of CEBs.
Zahra Roustaeizade, Mohamad Hassan Akhavan Karbassi, Khatereh Kheirollahi, Ehsan Babaei Zarch,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (9-2018)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a painful ulcerative lesion and its incidence is 20% in the society. Myrtus communis (myrtex) has been effective in the treatment of RAS. In this study, two different concentrations (2.5% versus 5%) of myrtex extract were evaluated to discover the most effective concentration for the treatment of RAS.
Methods: In this randomized, double-blind clinical trial, 60 patients with RAS were evaluated. Thirty patients used myrtex extract 5% and thirty patients used myrtex extract 2.5% (10 drops on lesion for 20 seconds 5 times per day). The severity of pain and burning sensation experienced by patients were measured by visual analogue scale (VAS) and the size of the lesion was estimated by transparent calibrated grid Data analysis was done by running t-test and repeated measures statistical test.
Results: The mean of the largest RAS diameter before treatment was decreased in both groups 1 day and 7 days after treatment (P-value=0.000); however, these differences were not significant in both groups (P-value =0.401). Furthermore, the severities of pain and burning sensation were decreased in both groups (p-value = 0.000). Nevertheless, this decrease was similar in both groups (P-value = 964).
Conclusion: Treatment with different concentrations of myrtex extract is effective in decreasing RAS diameter, pain, and burning sensation. In addition, the therapeutic efficacy of two different concentrations of myrtex extract (2.5% and 5%) was similar in this regard.
Bahareh Yazdanparast Chaharmahali, Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani, Maghsood Peeri, Parvin Farzanegi Arkhazloo,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (12-2018)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Elderly is characterized by decreased cardiac function, which is widely associated with mitochondrial failure in cell death. Elderly causes heart apoptosis. Although the old heart is vulnerable to apoptosis, physical training and some supplements through different mechanisms could be effective in reducing apoptosis. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of interval training on some apoptotic parameters of Bax and Bcl2 cardiomyocytes in old female rats.
Methods: In an experimental study, 49 Wistar female rats (2 years old) were randomly assigned into 7 groups: control, saline, curcumin, moderate intensity training, moderate intensity training + curcumin, high intensity training, high intensity training + curcumin. The experimental groups received gavage doses of curcumin 30 mg / kg body weight three days a week via. The saline group also received the same amount of saline. Training groups had moderate and severe exercises on the treadmill for eight weeks, and three sessions per week. Forty-eight hours after the last training session and gavage, the animals were killed and their heart tissues were isolated to determine the levels of Bax and Bcl2.
Results: The results indicated that interval training and curcumin consumption could significantly increase the levels of Bcl2 and BAX and the BAX / Bcl2 ratio, the amount of which depends on the intensity of training. Moreover, the combination of training and curcumin had an antagonistic effect.
Conclusion: According to the results, physical activity and curcumin separately have a protective effect on the heart tissue; however, these two interventions do not enhance each other’s effect. Hence each one is suggested to be used separately.
